Friday, March 14, 2014

The castle (pt. 1)


He had always hated the desert heat. It just didn’t seem to go with him, the sense of being suffocated in a blanket with no relief in sight, with trillions of busy air molecules pummeling him relentlessly as they drained the minimal water his body still held. This time, he had to admit that there was nothing he was going to be able to do about it. He had been walking for what seemed like an eternity, he was tired, thirsty and hungry, and during the last several hours, as the day grew relentlessly hotter, he was finding it more and more difficult to keep his balance. It took all his willpower to keep taking one step after another when all he wanted to do was to just lie down somewhere, anywhere that sparse shade.  There were a few trees out here, but he didn’t give in to his urge because, quite frankly, he was afraid.  From time to time he would look back over his shoulder. Whatever was out there couldn’t be far behind, and it had already killed his mother. He had no choice but to keep on moving.


He had run out of water yesterday night, but insisted on carrying an empty plastic water bottle. Maybe it was a reminder of better days, or maybe he did it hoping that he might be able to put it to practical use. Who knew? He might find an oasis out here, a pool of water bubbling up from whatever magical reserve had gathered it long ago, and he might be able to fill it after he had had his fill, so that he could keep moving. He told himself that this wasn’t the real desert, not the wasteland he associated with the great deserts of modern imagination. It wasn’t the Serengeti, it wasn’t the Mojave, it wasn’t the dry desert of northern Chile. There were still trees out here, and not palm trees, but the kind with leaves, hardy trees that grew in the hilly and rocky landscape. Where there were trees, wasn’t there water? This was what he told himself in moments of lucidity, when his mind wasn’t wandering and he wasn’t torturing himself with the thought of the last meal he had had a few days ago. The sun was weighing on him and, as he looked ahead, he wondered if he might not be walking in circles. Very funny.

A darting shadow circled around him, prompting him to look up. It was the bird he had seen several times earlier, both yesterday and today, and from the looks of it, it was not a robin or any other type of small bird. He had initially been afraid that it might be a buzzard, mercilessly staking him out as its next meal, but this one was bigger, and he thought it looked instead like a hawk. It crossed his path, returning and circling around him, and it seemed to him as if it were trying to tell him something. Do hawks communicate with humans? The behavior of this bird made him nervous, because for all the world it seemed to be following him, but, on the other hand, it was the first company he had had since the crash two (or three?) days earlier. It let out a high-pitched call, almost as if it were telling him to follow. It had to be a vision, some hallucination. He had received a vicious knock to his head in the accident, and for all he knew, he was seeing birds flying around him, like in some silly Warner Brothers cartoon from 100 years ago. When had he ever heard of a hawk trying to tell a human to do something, other than to stay away or, perhaps, feed it?

At times, he wasn't sure whether the bird was following him, or whether he had been unconsciously following it. In any case, he was glad at times for the company, and whenever he stopped in the shade of a tree to rest, it was never long before the hawk came circling back. There was some connection there, he knew, and he was afraid of losing it. The hawk never got very close in any case, but would alight on a nearby branch or rock and stare at him, making him feel so uneasy that eventually he would get up and resume his trek. There was no way he could out-stare a hawk, and in any case, he had no idea where to go other than to avoid the road. He might as well follow the hawk.

He cupped his hand over his forehead and looked up again as the hawk glided smoothly overhead. It seemed to be trying to show him something, and was flying in a particular direction that took him to higher ground. He stumbled along, telling himself that at some point he would rest, because his body couldn’t hold out for much longer and night wasn't far behind. He couldn't continue for very much longer, of course, because he desperately needed some water and food.  At times, the thought of lying down and giving up seemed almost appealing, but he still felt afraid, and didn’t want to risk another encounter with what he had seen a few days ago. His mind might be muddled, but the thought still consumed him: he had to get to the castle, or at least try. Things would make sense if he did.


He got up gingerly and resumed walking. Whatever the outcome, it wouldn’t be much longer.


-----------------


It was growing steadily darker, and despite himself, he found himself seeking out the shape of the hawk up ahead. From time to time he would see it, far above him, circling back then moving forward. It was headed in the direction of a small hill off to his left, standing out in the terrain that grew more and more hilly. 



The hill was part of a rocky outcropping located in a patch of sparse woods. It was unusual, because it seemed to constitute one of the few natural outposts in this terrain. He had left the narrow winding road long ago, the one that he had traversed with his mother with so much ease a few days ago, and for a moment, he felt a powerful wince of emotion. If he could, he would have cried, but for now, the memory of the crash left him heaving with sadness. He gathered himself slowly, and continued on his way. After all, it wasn't safe for him to stay
.


Scrub gave way to sparse trees, and he gradually continued his climb upward. He didn't want to retrace his steps, nor wait on the road, because it felt like he was too exposed. A few days ago, on their drive upward, they had seen little traffic and these considerations had been far from his mind. He hadn't known what to expect, nor had he had any reason to fear. In hindsight, he should have known something was wrong by the way his mother was acting, but he was too entranced by the novelty of this unexpected trip.


The heat that had been so unmerciful during the way was slowly draining away. He thought that it might get colder than he was prepared to support, especially as he climbed up in altitude. The last two nights had been miserable enough, but he had managed to find a cove or shelter that had protected him from the worst of the cold. Now, he wasn't too sure.


The hawk had been circling over the hill for the last hour. Might it have some kill that it was protecting? In a fit of confused and silly paranoia, he wondered if it might not be safe to follow it and see what it was evidently protecting. Was there a dead animal on the hills, and maybe, some coyote or bear or pack of wolves feeding on it? Was he meant to be a diversion, to tempt the predators with a fresh live prey so the hawk could swoop down and take its cut? Even in his desperate state, he doubted that hawks were that clever or premeditated. He had nothing else he could do, other than to get away from the site of the incident and try to stay off the road. He might as well head for the hill.


A thought came to him: maybe he had been going about it the wrong way all this time. Hawks could be trained, after all, to lead their handlers to prey. Maybe this was a trained hawk, and maybe, just maybe, he might find something worthwhile up there. He was hoping for water, first and foremost, but in the back of his mind he wondered if he might catch sight of the castle. He had to admit that he had been lost these past two days, and until the hawk appeared, had no idea other than to keep the setting sun behind him. 


His mother had talked repeatedly about how unusual it was to be able to travel through this restricted area. It was part of a military facility, although he had seen no guard stations nor anything other than what he took to be a surveillance toward far away. She had told them that, when she disappeared for weeks on end, she was usually out here, at the castle, working on delicate matters with her team. Why are we going there now?, he asked. It's time, she had answered. Something is happening, and we'll have to hole up somewhere. What's happening?, he naturally asked. Are we going to have more electrical discharges like during the past few months? Probably, and something else, too. Let's just say it is much safer to go to the castle than to pack you off to uncle Phil's house. But don't worry. We'll get through it. I'll explain when we get there.


And she had continued driving with reckless abandon, hardly even slowing down, at a bare-bones pace that did much to contradict what she was saying. It was serious, he knew. Too serious to even contemplate.


As he got closer to the hill, he looked down and noticed a lizard sunning itself on a small rock. He thought it almost looked scornful, taking no pity on him and his pathetic state. He stopped and gazed at it for a while. Didn't lizards usually scurry away from any looming threat? Maybe it didn't perceive him as any possible threat whatsoever, however gruesome he looked, seeing how he stumbled along, close to collapsing, all peeling sunburnt skin and a thirst only Lake Erie could quench. And why should it? What could he do to the lizard? It wasn't as if he could catch it, and besides, who could be desperate enough to think about catching a lizard bare-handed? Well, he was, but he didn't even waste the energy lifting his arms. 


His attention was wandering again. He turned around and continued trudging forward.


He had always considered himself independent. It came with the territory, being an only child who had lost his father years ago. From an early age he had been entrusted to the care of a neighbor, Mrs. Suarez, who from the beginning had urged him to call her Yoli and to see her as a friend, not a babysitter. She was a solicitous woman, with grown-up children who visited seldom if ever and who supposedly lived on the other side of the continent. He was, then, the next best thing to family for her.


She did her best to provide him with a welcoming environment. She was a little old-fashioned and quirky, but she made sure he was never hungry, always preparing hearty soups and sandwiches and meatloaf that made him groan as he thought about it. He couldn't bare to think that there were times when he hadn't finished his meals, when he had refused seconds.


After school, he would spend a few hours with her, and frequently, a Saturday or Sunday as well, because his mother had far too many important things to work on, far too many projects to complete, far too many people who depended on her, at least, other people, and not her son, who was encouraged to be a courageous trooper, and wait for a little while longer, they would spend time together soon, but now now. He had rebelled at first, and he cringed at the way he had lashed out at Yoli in the early years, as if it were her fault, but they had come to an accommodation that had come to seem as normal as it was bound to get. Yoli would watch him attentively, and had reserved for him a room which he could decorate and consider almost his bedroom away from home. Deep down inside, he thought he was the surrogate grandchild she so desperately wanted, and this made him feel a little peeved at the burden that had been imposed on him.


For the moment, the thought of those sandwiches, with slices of chicken and bacon and avocado, with crunchy pickles and slices of cheese, was both a comfort and torture. He desperately wanted to eat something, but first, he wanted something to drink. His lips were so dry and cracked that they caused him pain when he opened his mouth, which he was doing now that he was climbing higher and higher, on his way to the small hill that was not a few hundred feet away. For some reason, as he thought about the lemonade Yoli would always serve to him, he came to the realization that he hadn't peed during the entire day. He was drying out, he knew, and he wouldn't be able to continue tomorrow.





Step after step, he dragged himself forward. The hawk returned, circled above him, then flew up the hill again. He was at the foot of the hill now, and as he looked up, he thought he would have to be careful. For some reason, it didn't register immediately that the hill was greener than anything else in this sun-burnt landscape.


-------------



It bothered him that he hadn't taken the time to learn about the countryside, about camping and about wildlife. Just his luck, it turned out trigonometry wouldn't help him in life after all. Other kids had been in the Boy Scouts, or had been camping, or knew how to hunt or shoot firearms. he had spent too much of his life curled up with books, reading science fiction adventures and history textbooks, things that told him nothing about survival skills. He had never even been particularly active, and he knew that part of the strain of the past few days came from being so physically out of shape.


When he wasn't reading, he spent most of his time playing with computer programs. He was an adequate programmer, but fancied himself more of a strategist. You didn't need to program very much, after all, to play the games he was interested in playing. He was most interested in imaginary worlds, especially those set in a far future, with exotic beings that took the form of enigmatic aliens and sentient spaceships. This was a passion for him, and he had spent what seemed like a dozen virtual lifespans playing with his band of international friends, with Kip in North Carolina, and Yamaki, in rural Japan, and Sofia in Austria, and others. They would form teams and create scenarios that were all the more stimulating for being unwieldy and novel, and they would create storylines that involved independent heroes in the manner of Robert Heinlein novels who solved impossible problems. He was somewhat shy at school, but in his alternate life, he thought of himself as a misunderstood loner who was adept at crisis management. If he could only have rescued his relationship with his mother.


And now, here he was, with absolutely no access to any useful technology. No cellphone coverage, no GPS access, no guns, no computer, no car, no internet, nothing. He had been warned that the cellphone wouldn't work out her, because of some strange electrical field that had something to do with the castle. He was sure he would find what he needed there, this place where he and his mom had been headed, if only he could find some way to reach it without have to travel on the roads, where whatever had caused the accident might be waiting for him. It was a scary thought, to think that what he had glimpsed might have tracked him out here. He didn't want to think about it.


The fact was, everything was far too mysterious. They should never have abandoned everything as suddenly as they had. It was the middle of the week, why would his mom come rushing in to pick him from from Yoli's place? All she had said was that it was a change of plans, and that they had to get to the Castle, and that something was about to happen. He had asked her over and over, what was so important, what was about to happen, were they in danger, had something gone wrong? She had refused to say anything around Yoli, and during the trip, she had limited herself to giving him curt instructions. She was an important scientist, and he couldn't help but feel alarmed. On a deep level, it seemed so out of character that he suspected it was a prank, but that would have been too impossible to believe.


He saw the hawk perched halfway up the hill, on top of a few large boulders that were surrounded by trees. The whole landscape was half in shadow, and he started to work his way up. He remembered that he had seen television shows where hikers carried some type of stick as they traversed landscaped, and he looked around and picked up what seemed like a sturdy branch. He put the empty plastic bottle in his shirt, and he started up. By now, the orange haze was turning grey, and he could see a few stars. It wouldn't be long now. Maybe the hawk had found a chicken sandwich it was willing to share with him? His lips bled as he guffawed. 

------------------

In what might have been half an hour or two hours, he was no longer paying attention, he reached the rocky outcropping that was surrounded by trees. The boulders were bigger than he had imagined, and he felt lucky because he thought they might offer him shelter. It seemed like a type of enclosure, and for some reason, he had the feeling that it was not natural. Maybe it had been set up on purpose, by native peoples perhaps? He had to admit that it seemed like a perfect place to set up a surveillance station, and part of him wondered if it might not still be in use. For some reason, this brightened his spirits. Maybe they could help him.


The hawk had not moved while he climbed up to the boulders. It continued perched above one of the boulders, not in a branch in the trees, but on a boulder, and looked at him steadily. It seemed as if it might introduce itself at any moment. Maybe it would find a voice, and tell him that he was welcome, and he should make himself at home, and dinner would be served in fifteen minutes, the bathroom is this way, and would you like a cup of water? Yes, no tea, no coffee, no Dr. Pepper, no lemonade, bring me the biggest glass of water you have, and I'll kiss your beak and be forever grateful and sing your praises above and beyond those of the lofty condors sailing the Andean currents in Peru!



He sat down in the enclosure, and looked out at the stars. It made him think for a moment of the quiet times he had had with his mother when, after a full day at her research institute, she would ask him to come outside in the evening after the sun had set and join her on the veranda. "Let's explore the universe for a little minutes while you tell me about school", she would say, as she ate a granola bar and drank a glass of soy milk, something that always brought a smile to his face.


They would sit out there as the sky darkened, and she would start by asking him to find a planet, any planet. "Where would you travel first if we had a starship?", she would ask, and little by little, they would describe an itinerary, starting at the moon, of course, for he knew he needed to grab the flag left behind by the American astronauts from the mythical decade of the 60s, and then, to a Jovian moon or two, then to the nearest planet, and eventually, to any number of sunlike stars that had been catalogued recently by researchers, who had found over a hundred Earth-like analogues with telltale signs of oxygen in proportions that suggested biological activity. There were even systems that had more than one Earth-like planet in their domain.


Eventually, they would meander back to Earth, and she would ask about his Physics classes, trying to be encouraging even though he seemed to lack the same talent his parents had had for the sciences. Maybe it was destined to skip a generation? Maybe a field needed to lie fallow before the next generation could retake what had been nourished and cultivated before. (Nonsense!, his mom would exclaim.)  She would then ask about his friends, the ones that lived in other countries, and about interesting things he might have noticed in the neighborhood, like the raccoons that loved to overturn Mr. Thibidoux's trash cans at night, or the skunks that terrorized the cats, or cranky Mrs. Swanson, who missed her departed husband dearly, twenty five years after his loss.





Sometimes he would take his turn and ask her about her work. It was pointless, of course, except that he felt he should reciprocate. She asked him, he should ask her. She was never very forthcoming, apologizing as always, but did did let out that she had been working closely with Jim, who was apparently another researcher and very, very bright. Jim was on the cutting edge of their project, and sometimes, he would call her on her special phone, the one that had some type of encoding that made it difficult to be intercepted. She would brighten up each time he did, and he would feel a little jealous.


When they talked, there would be a tsunami of impenetrable jargon. He knew it had to do with geology, and about isotopes found in certain deposits along the Pacific rim, but that was about the extent of what he could garner. Apparently, they had some sort of predictive scheme worked out, and they were mapping it out mathematically, to the point that they were getting more and more excited. It just might have something to do with the mysterious electrical fields that were popping up in various locations. Several cities had suffered, because there were blackouts, and the loss of valuable data, and the fears that they might have to do with some sort of cyber-war. His mom would shake her head, and insist it had nothing to do with that. If only it were, she would add. "Is it Godzilla, then? Aliens? A chain reaction provoked by CERN in Switzerland?". She would laugh at his jokes, but never offered any details. The world had become a much more unstable place since the end of the twentieth century, and the apocalyptic promises of global warming were, sadly, becoming true.


She was only doing what any parent could to, trying to hold on to hope, and not trying to demoralize her children. Her work was important, but this didn't in any way provide relief from the guilt she felt about not being able be around him and to share more of herself with him. What parent didn't feel guilty, especially a single parent such as herself? Was she jealous of Yoli, the way he was of Jim?


Frequently she would ask him why he liked history so much. Particularly the recycled Erich Von Daniken doctrines from the 60s and 70s, the ones that had to do with hidden phenomenon and forgotten visitations, things that for her were eminently discouraging to see in the son of scientists. Why his fascination with the Nazca lines in Peru, or ancient Mayan observatories, and the cultural myths of the aborigines of Australia that hinted at past celestial visitations? It was as if she knew that he wanted to escape from the modern world, find a touch of healing magic in stories about past contact. To tell the truth, they had both isolated themselves in their own respective cocoons. He in his virtual worlds, she in her castle and her sacred fellowship with scientists.


He was obsessed with his computer programs, and would have installed the chip so that he had a constant connection with the immersive web of the mid 21st century if his mom had allowed it, becoming a virtual person himself, present but also absent. Instead, he was forced to wait until he arrived home, where he would don the synthetic fiber suit filled with electrodes, and connect to his supercomputer (astonishing power beyond the imagining of any twentieth century tech nerd, for the cost of peanuts), and connect with his friends who also donned their suits, and proceeded to fashion scenarios for world-changing global catastrophes. His mom understood his obsession, after a point. They both saw their world as being on the brink.


How could collapse be avoided? Both he and his mom felt that huge forces were arrayed against them, and were growing more and more uncontrolled. There were, after all, immense global interests at play. Gigantic corporations, and the national governments they held in their thrall, producing a world that seemed to be getting more and more desperate all the time. There were food shortages, and alarming outbreaks of new plagues in places that no longer seemed so far away, and frightening new viruses in Central America and Morocco and Cambodia, accompanied by eerie environmental disasters that swallowed up towns or extinguished plantlife in entire habitats. Seismic activity also seemed to be increasing and manifesting itself far from the boundaries of continental plates, and global temperature patterns were changing as a dizzying pace. They would share the latest dizzying news from time to time during their evening talks.


But it wasn't all alarm. Although they would shake their heads in tandem in the darkness, and grow flustered as they railed against one or another cause, if they were lucky, they would be interrupted by a shooting star heralding the presence of the universe, so much bigger than they could imagine, and more comforting as well. She would reach out and rub his shoulders, and they would become quiet, not needing to say anything else, not wanting to break the spell, hoping to see another. Maybe Ptolomy was right and perfection was to be found out there, in the celestial sphere, with a music that reconciled everything, with no room for anxiety, only a languid type of ecstasy. No cold, no blazing heatwaves, no flooding, no plague, no discord up there.



Sunday, March 9, 2014

Revisiting the Cosmos



After all these years, the sense of wonder still remains.

As a young man, I found it difficult to find a place for myself. Perhaps this is universal, and adolescence is always a period of struggle. We are unsure of ourselves, and for many of us, we have difficulty accepting the boundaries that seem to circumscribe us. We lash out at our parents, are our siblings, at our teachers, and we have little understanding of the grander processes in motion.

As a child I remember the first promotional ads that announced the premiere of the show Cosmos. I didn’t quite know what to make of it, but all I knew was that they featured planetary images, and I was desperate to escape from my own circumstances. I was already an inveterate reader of science fiction, a type of imaginary literature that promised wonders that were otherwise lacking in the daily grind of a working class upbringing.

When I saw the series, thought I had found a welcoming place. There was something that was both other-worldly about Carl Sagan but also comforting, and he began a grand journey that I and millions of others from my generation were fortunate enough to share. It was a poetic ode to the science, and for someone who had always been entranced by planets and stars, it was a natural fit.

There were imaginative leaps and lyrical descriptions that seemed to offer a sense of hope. Carl Sagan had a knack for rendering accessible what might otherwise have been sterile and distant, and of making connections with rhetorical flourishes that seemed to hit home. He couldn’t have been more on target than when he evoked the dawn of the western scientific tradition, in the early work of the classical Greek scientists, and speculated on what might have been if that early tradition not been truncated. Might we not, now, have spaceships with Greek letters commencing journeys to the nearest stars?

I suppose it takes people with a certain imagination to grasp these lyrical evocations and to absorb them. As youngsters, many of us tended not to be receptive to poetry. We are consumed, instead, by what is momentary but flashy, by the pageant of junior high and high school life, and the evident polarization between the “in” and the “out” groups. I was, of course, most manifestly in the “out” group, not finding a place among the popular kids, not venturing out at lunch to eat burgers at In N’ Out and listening to the rock music of the 80s, and not maintaining a feverish social life that consumed weekends in a haze of alcohol and frantic groping between the sexes.

My time was spent in the libraries, looking at the encyclopedias during the lunch hour, or reading Goethe’s Faust, and talking to a few like-minded souls who also claimed seats next to their favorite sections. One like to read detective novels, and read and reread the same Sherlock Holmes stories. Another, Jennifer W., loved the James Herriot memoirs (All Things Great and Small) that were so popular back then, and always chastely sat with her little circle of friends, venturing from time to time to also include books on animal husbandry. I was in no league to compete with the stallions with colic or the dogs with liver diseases that occupied those books.

But Cosmos was another matter. There, somehow, these little frustrations didn’t seem to matter. Perhaps it was part of being an ungainly young man, but I did find myself able to appreciate the narrative of a grandiose creation that enveloped and included us all. There were no cliques in the Cosmos, no “in” and “out” groups, although I did tend to believe that an interest in the universe, and in the pageant of human struggle that was expanded to include all life, set me apart.

In the 80s, when I was in college, I still harbored an abiding affection for this television series. I would watch it on reruns, and find myself, with Carl, wondering at the scale of such a marvelous creation. We had not need to entertain notions that couldn’t be investigated by science. Had there been a creator? Well, if there had been, we would need to devise a scientific test to prove this. Otherwise, as the host wandered in the television series, one question necessarily begat another. Who created the creator? Would we go back to the conception of the ancient Greek philosophers, the sophists who were adept at argumentation and conceived of the Earth (or the known lands) as a construct that was akin to floating matter on a bowl of water, carried on the back of a turtle, which was also perched on another turtle, ad infinitum.

Thus, it was with a little trepidation that I greeted the news that the series Cosmos was to be remade with a new host, Neal DeGrasse Tyson. Now, I’m all in favor of encomiums to worthy creations, such as the first series, but I had no idea of what to expect from the remake. I do, however, tend to trust the work of this figure, and find him to be both thoughtful but also sensitive to how outsiders might tend to be distrustful or wary of science.

After watching the first episode of the remade series, I found myself struggling to reconcile the two versions. Of course, no remake will capture the sense of magic that I felt when I first saw this television series. I am, of course, no longer a that Mexican-American child who felt excluded and who couldn’t find a place for himself. But at times I see a new magic at work, and I find myself transported once again. It isn’t about the material, of course, for a lifetime of reading astronomy books and keeping apace of new discoveries has familiarized me with the concepts being presented. It is, of course, about the poetry.

I loved the opening sequence of the new series, with a host who is standing on a rugged coastland, introducing the viewer to the concept of a universe waiting to be discovered. As the camera panned back, we see the host, Neal DeGrasse Tyson, in a sleek spaceship that lifts up impossibly, and ventures up into the sky. It is an invitation to travel, to follow along, and to leave behind the petty worries and the myriad tasks that beset us in our daily lives. The music is sweeping, but also, majestic in an intimate way.

However, there are points at which the series was, quite frankly, tone-deaf. First of all, the visual effects are magnificent, as was to be expected. I remember as a child the concept of Maxwell’s Demon, the hypothetical creature that the famous scientist imagined as a way to focus our perspective on phenomenon that was too small for us to perceive directly. I had a chemistry set as a child, bought second-hand from a swap meet, and that set invited us to take the point of view of such a “demon” as we watched the way molecules were being reconfigured during experiments. Well, we have such a “demon” in the expanded perspective that takes the form of this space ship, and it serves its function impressively. But, at times, it seems too much of a lonely vantage point.

I reflect on this because, I suppose, there was always a melancholic air to this series, both in its first and second incarnation. For a perspective that purports to be an examination of a whole and breathtaking structure, it is much too lonely to have only one host. This is a collective experience, after all, and the disembodied spirit, for such he must be in order to venture into a sun and traverse the asteroid belt, points once again to something that is more of a spiritual quest. I think it is still all too much in keeping with the idea that we are still involved in personal ventures, personal explorations, and while the host earnestly talks to us in an intimate tone, at times I wish that this intimacy was expressed in other ways.

Carl Sagan did it by sitting in front of a burning campfire on a dark and starry night. Here, in this series, the spaceship doesn’t necessarily contribute to this sense of intimacy and inclusion.

Also, there are also vignettes that portray the lives of famous scientists. These were present in the original series, and I remember the portrayal of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, the genial and expansive figure whose data was to prove so crucial for the mathematical calculations of Johannes Kepler. Tycho laughed and ate, Kepler scowled and eagerly waited for the data that the astronomer, a gifted observer, had been collecting for most of his professional life.

Here we had the first vignette, which involved the figure of Giordano Bruno. These vignettes, quite evidently, will take animated form, and while I am not averse to this, I did find the treatment of Bruno and the portrayal of his adversaries as somewhat simplistic. In particular, Tyson’s need to hark on the inspiration of Bruno, which seemed, after all, to have little more basis in fact than the reasoning of Aristotle, however much he may have been accused of having rejected that classical philosopher.



Did the vision have no other inspiration than a dream or trance? If he seeks to underscore the solid scientific foundation of this quest, and the idea, as Tyson explained so clearly in the opening, that science involves coming up with explanations that involve processes that can be tested and verified, what motivated Bruno? Was he a scientist if he seemed to be motivated by a vision? Perhaps there were things that were left out in this vignette, but it struck me that Bruno was not portrayed as a particularly scientific figure, and the presentation of dogmatic and scowling Catholic figures who assumed almost cartoonish expressions of malevolence fails to take into account the complexity of the dispute. It almost seemed like the infamous “Leyenda Negra” at play once again, but substituting Catholicism and religion in general. It seemed, in other words, purposely polemical, rather than matter-of-fact the way Carl Sagan had portrayed his skepticism.

But the ending sequence, with the personal anecdote that was shared with us, was touching. I appreciated this recounting of how Carl Sagan had mentored Mr. Tyson, and had met with him when he was a 17 year old child. There is a wistfulness and the acknowledgment of a debt that is being repaid, and it is perhaps inevitable that this series will be a homage to the figure of this famous scientist who did so much to touch our imagination.


I am looking forward to continuing this journey. The Cosmos, with a capital “C”, is a place of wonder, and I wish to see how they will portray the ongoing social dimension of the controversies that affect us nowadays. Science is no stranger to polemics, and the visionary aspect is not lacking as well, for dreams represent ways of connecting the dots and finding hidden patterns. (I am thinking about the work, for example, of the German scientist August KekulĂ©, who related how he had come to envision the structure of the Benzene molecule in a daydream of a snake eating its own tail, the Ouroborous dream.) Dreams are intuition, and intuition is a preliminary attempt at representation.

 

The wonder is still there. I hope that this series will connect with a wider public the way the first one did a generation ago, during what seems like a more innocent time. But when has the past never been more innocent than the present?




Copyright (C) 2014 Oscar G. Romero

Monday, March 3, 2014

Our continuing Zombie Obsession



This is the age of zombies, vampires, dragons and superheroes. Among other examples of pop culture, it seems as if we have a perennial fascination with fantasy, and with stories that involve both mythical as well as supernatural elements. We may say that this is a longstanding impulse on our part, and it harks back, perhaps, to our very origins as a culture, when the first prototypical humans gathered in bands and flocked together on dark nights next to a fire after long and arduous days, bonding together and creating a sense of solidarity in the evocation of new and fantastic threats that lurked in the darkness.

Far be it for me to disassociate myself from the great explosion of fan culture. I am well aware of how we tend to heed still that primal impulse to gather together in communities, and to share these somewhat guilty pleasures. I call them guilty pleasures because I am well aware that there are, as always, other imperatives at play, and we all feel the pressures of an ever more alienating economy that pits one group against another, and in which we are all in thrall to hidden economic and political forces that exert control over our lives.

We worry about the undead and about malevolent ghosts and other phantoms, and we shiver when we consider stories that, at a certain essential level, assert that we have less control over our lives than we would like to believe.  And this is true, because our corporations have become much bigger and predatory than any mythical monster come to life, and in an age when we eagerly await the release of the latest version of the Godzilla mythos, we have to reflect that we should fear more the influence of Google and Exxon and the major multinational corporations that, in conjunction with our governments, constrict and constrain us in so many ways.

And yet, if we express our fears and dismay at the workings of an economy that seems to disassociate itself from the small scale community rituals that bind us together (a band of hardy individuals can hardly hope to counterbalance that tsunamis of cash and influence that corporations can wield), we are accused of harboring quixotic impulses or, at worst, of being paranoid. I wonder at how the Tea Party movement has retained so much of its energy and influence, and has morphed into an ever more aggressive entity that panders to our worst fears, where the country is envisioned as a virginal body that has somehow been corrupted, infected with the supposedly godless ideology of the post-enlightenment era, and where the cry of “socialist” and “liberal” greet anyone who dares to express an opinion about the need to preserve a secular culture that takes into account a tolerance for diversity.

What happened to the Occupy Wall Street movement? What happened to the great mobilization of the other side, the one that was to mount an impassioned defense of liberal democratic values, and provide a counterbalance to the forces of militant corporate greed? It fizzled out all too rapidly, and while the Tea party continues to foist their deadly brew on the rest of the country, we have little in the way of mobilization on our part, and we are more disillusioned than we have ever been.

I offer these reflections as a way to hopefully understand the continuing appeal of these tropes of supernatural possession, of corruption and of violent takeover. We live in a culture that is feeding on itself in ever more deadly fashion, stripped away the flesh, and where gentility and understanding seem to be narratives that are relegated to the proverbial trash bin of history in the face of all the threats that supposedly confront us, from militant Islam to Obama care. We are obsessed with necrosis, and is it any wonder that the cable television series The Walking Dead is the most popular show on television?

It is a continued source of fascination to reflect on the appeal of this show. There are groups of fans that obsess on the latest installments, and the post-apocalyptic landscape as a metaphor for contemporary society seems to grow all the more powerful. Now, we have reflected on these fantasies in the past, in the cautionary fables, for example, of H.G. Wells, and his portrayal of far future societies that had changed in bizarre and dangerous ways. I am referring, of course, to novels such as The Time Machine, but also, to other works that were to become a staple of the science fiction of the twentieth century, tales that reflected alienation and grand impersonal forces at play. Works such as Zamiatin’s We, or Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, or of course the enduring nightmare scenario of George Orwell’s’ political fables, Animal Farm and 1984. Destruction, whether sudden or evolutionary, didn’t necessary prove hospitable to progressive and utopian projects. Perhaps every utopia necessary carried with it the seeds of its own destruction.

In the television series based on Robert Kirkman’s illustrated stories, we have a United States of the near future that has disintegrated into isolated bands of scared humans who try to cope with the reality of a world where government no longer exists. This would seem very much to be in accord with the desire of libertarians and the ideology of a nascent liberalism that sought to encourage self-reliance without the interference of government. But what we see is that these few survivors have become themselves infected with a disease that is much more corrosive that the putative biological agent that produces zombies. They have become paranoid, and desperate, and incapacitated by fear. They are running scared, and the zombies are ever on the point of closing in.

I was first attracted to this particular comic series by the assertion that it represented a return to a gothic sensibility. It is one that was popularized in the 18th century, and represented a response to the certainties and the rational awakening that had accompanied the Enlightenment. It was, as such, to be expected, for when had light (the intellect) ever been completely successful in quashing the forces of darkness (the irrational)?

In the gothic we have mysterious forces at play, and we have dark and brooding locales, and we have eerily suggestive acts and the hint of macabre secrets that we would do well to consider whether we wish to bring them to light. And in the Walking Dead, we have the illustration once again of such a sensibility, for we have abandoned buildings aplenty, haunted by the remains of a once vibrant humanity, reduced to rotting flesh and ever ready to pounce at us from behind a hidden door or counter, wordless creatures of infinite appetite.

These are dark landscapes, and the sense of menace is pervasive. The band of hardy survivors stands little chance of survival, and indeed, they are picked off and winnowed in a steady fashion, because the mystery remains: what caused this zombie apocalypse? Who created this virus or parasite or biological agent that seems to have infected all of humanity, and that lies like a latent and malevolent impulse that will assert itself inexorably? Is it a judgment from on high, a plague that evolved naturally as a manifestation of the dark and destructive processes of evolution, or maybe, a weapon of mass destruction that was consciously crafted and opened, like a Pandora’s box, to haunt humanity as a reminder of the dangers of hubris?

I watch the series, and on the one hand, I can’t help but reflect on the logic of a show such as this one that captures many of the dark fantasies that seem to haunt us as a culture. It is the idea of a rot that will waste away even the best of intentions, and will reduce yearning and striving and culture and civilization to the level of fatuous will o’ the wisps, fantasies that can’t measure up and that are as much inconstant as unworkable. Rick Grimes and his band of friends are facing long odds, and while there is something inspiring about the fact that they continue to struggle, we all know that they are doomed, for the apocalypse descended swiftly and in sure fashion, and at least we know that the zombies themselves are not morally ambiguous, for they manifest their appetite openly, while humans are just as craven and murderous as the zombies, but hide these impulses in ways that are heightened by these circumstances.

How is it that zombies are ever on the periphery, shambling along endlessly, at times moving along in great and giant waves of putrefaction and an endless need to consume, eat, infect and destroy? Are they metaphors for the great cultural threats that haunt us in our modern world, and that need to be vested in physical forms? We are haunted by zombies, by zombies, by the ghost of Boris Karloff’s Frankenstein, that mute and haunted creature that is such as far cry from the eloquent monster of Mary Shelly's novel, and by the mute expression of an endless appetite that seems to be the sine qua non of the 20th and 21st centuries.

At times, I find myself quibbling at the vision that is offered to us. Zombies, of course, seem to defy the laws of physical dynamics, not to mention biology, and thus incorporate an element of fantasy. They are impervious to gunshots, they can survive for months on end without food or water, squirming and moaning and shambling along, and they can evidently survive extremes of temperature, from heat to cold. They are well-nigh indestructible, and even when torn apart or reduced to disembodied heads that are displayed in macabre fashion in the aquarium that lined the Governor’s hidden room, remain active, with muscles snapping jaws even when there would seem to be no viable mechanism to explain the survival of organisms without the complicated systems that accompany any living creature. They are, quite frankly, the manifestation of our deepest fears, those that aren’t subject to physical laws, and are instead nightmares that have been resuscitated.

We are a culture that would seem to be living in sunlight, actively pursuing our careers, paying our mortgages and going on vacations and waiting for college acceptance letters, but also, on a deeper level, we are still riven by fear, and we wonder if all of this activity isn’t, ultimately, futile. We have no vision to sustain us other than that offered by fear, and metaphors of contagion, corruption, invasion and dismemberment seem to color our collective consciousness. We are afraid to admit them openly, for to do so would be to invite accusation of being irrational, but consumption in a material culture quite evidently doesn’t seem to be enough.

Perhaps this is a way of saying that the zombies are us. We are urged forward by irresistible impulses that we are barely able to understand, and we obey because we hardly seem able to acknowledge and accept the responsibility of creating. Everything has been commodified in a material culture, and is it any wonder that we fear having become commodities ourselves, we becoming the Soylent Green of the famous movie from the seventies, in which humanity has devolved into a culture of haves and have-nots, and where ultimately what the most logical proposition, as in Swift’s A Modest Proposal, is that the poor should eat themselves? What can possible contain our ravenous hunger, when the mavens and ideologues of capitalist culture, those materialists who are loathe to acknowledge the contributions of Karl Marx while ironically using his concepts are their fundamental precepts, assert that we are identified by our appetites, by our patterns of consumption, by our unconscious need to consume?

The zombie is enjoying a heyday in this modern epoch. We in the western world have spread this virus as a cultural trope that has seduced the rest of the world in a way that was much more irresistible than any avian flu that might come from the unsanitary and inhumane manufacturing enterprises in any emerging Asian economy. We are ultimately consumed by memes, those cultural tropes (concepts) that have a way of insidiously overwhelming us without our knowing it, and we serve as the Petrie dish that allows these memes to multiply and morph into ever more startling form.

Zombies are popular for a reason. They make for good drama, for they point to states of crisis, and conflict, and desperate parables of survival and the search for integrity. But ultimately we are awash in objects and subject to unacknowledged urges, and we fear disintegration. While it might be easy to dismiss a show such as The Walking Dead as just the latest example of cultural flatulence, or escapism for those who need to purge themselves from the stresses of modern society. But I think that there are connections to be explored.

The apocalypse, in the sense of the hidden truth to be revealed, the great unveiling, is just around the corner. It is a collective urge that both fascinates as well as makes us shiver. In its next incarnation, it may not take the form of zombies. But whatever form it does take, it does seem to draw attention as always to the fact that there are obsessions that can’t be easily purged, however much we may hope to slough them off like some detritus to be removed and buried in vast landfills.


When Godzilla, or the latest guise of this fable of destruction emerges, whether it take the form of a virus, or atomic war, or the next collapse of the worldwide economy, or fracking and the contamination of our soil, or the continuing and unrestrained reliance of carbon production to fulfill our energy needs, or political extremism, I would say that we would do well to look at the things we are burying. What is out of sight is never truly out of mind.

Copyright (C) 2014 Oscar G. Romero